<blockquote><font class="small">In reply to:</font><hr /><p>Question for the experts: to what extent are magnetic fields responsible for ring or ecliptic systems around the gas giants? <p><hr /></p></p></blockquote><br /><br />I'm not sure what you mean by "ecliptic system" -- you mean moons orbiting in the plane of a planet's equator?<br /><br />In any case, the answer is "very little". Jupiter may be an exception; its ring system is fed by material ejected into space by Io's volcanoes, which collects in Jupiter's Van Allen Belts, which are certainly the result of Jupiter's magnetic field. But its moons aren't affected by the magnetic field much, except in terms of aurorae. And then Uranus has a very strange magnetic field, and yet its rings and major planets orbit roughly in the plane of its equator (perpendicular to its rotational axis). Magnetic field shifts don't seem to have any affect; certainly the Sun's regularly shifting magnetic field doesn't affect the orbits of the planets. And other planets with large moons and/or rings (with one notable exception) have them clearly arranged around their equators, regardless of their magnetic fields.<br /><br />The notable exception is Earth. We have a strong magnetic field, but our Moon is not aligned with our equator. This is why scientists believe that the Earth and Moon did not form at the same time.<br /><br />In general, inclined orbits are associated with bodies created through impacts, or which were captured gravitationally sometime after the parent body formed, or which were ejected into their present orbits by gravitational interactions. Through conservation of energy (the same principle that makes a spinning ice skater accelerate when she draws in her arms), objects forming at the same time as their parent should wind up in roughly equatorial orbits, so any object deviating considerably suggests that something else happened. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> <p> </p><p><font color="#666699"><em>"People assume that time is a strict progression of cause to effect, but actually from a non-linear, non-subjective viewpoint it's more like a big ball of wibbly wobbly . . . timey wimey . . . stuff."</em> -- The Tenth Doctor, "Blink"</font></p> </div>