askold,<br /><br />In reference to your first priority, mapping from space and communications are both applications used in near-Earth space, not probes to other planets, comets, etcetera. Materials processing technologies are not very likely to be developed using only robotic spacecraft, as a human being on the spot can alter the process and observe results immediately, changing parameters without having to launch new hardware.<br /><br />I think that you may be unaware of the incredible benefits that manned spaceflight have brought us, such as the microprocessor, which makes personal computers possible, and which there was absolutely no need for except for the Apollo missions. Also, remote medical telemetry, which is finally begining to filter down into the general public, as well as advances in ceramics, which have had medical, industrial, and domestic applications.<br /><br />My reasoning concerning the aquisition of knowledge is based on the belief that if we don't get off of this rock and spread out, knowledge will be of no use to us, becase we will be no more. <div class="Discussion_UserSignature"> The secret to peace of mind is a short attention span. </div>