Large Hadron Collider may be closing in on the universe's missing antimatter

[Admin]

Physicists at the Large Hadron Collider are closing in on an explanation for why we live in a universe of matter and not antimatter.

Large Hadron Collider may be closing in on the universe's missing antimatter : Read more

 

[Atlan0001]

I'm reasonably certain they are going to discover to their astonishment it was never "missing." That there is more physicality to matter-antimatter universe mirroring its self-similarity than they ever dreamed of. And they don't annihilate, have never annihilated, will never annihilate, and can never annihilate, this the third universe of three in one.

 

[TrevorA]

In paragraph 6 should that say spin around 180 degrees, not 360?

 

[billslugg]

No, they meant 360°. Normally when a spin 1 particle is turned through 360° it remains identical. With CP violation it changes. Non-integer spin is different. For example, spin 1/2, must be rotated twice to be identical.

 

[J@i]

I'm reasonably certain they are going to discover to their astonishment it was never "missing." That there is more physicality to matter-antimatter universe mirroring its self-similarity than they ever dreamed of. And they don't annihilate, have never annihilated, will never annihilate, and can never annihilate, this the third universe of three in one.

Is it feasible for a mirror antimatter universe to exist?

 

[Questioner]

Speculative fun,
Since antimatter has mass,
maybe something separated mass & antimatter and piled up antimatter till it collapsed into black holes where it is an indistinguishable non-problem.
I don't think there would be any way to differentiate an antimatter black hole from a matter black hole.

Now the question is are there enough massive black holes to account for all that antimatter?

 

[Atlan0001]

Is it feasible for a mirror antimatter universe to exist?

The more I think about it, the more it is not only feasible, the more it is a must. And they don't have to mutually annihilate to produce the energy between them. Their very mutual existence will keep on producing it.

 

[billslugg]

I don't think there would be any way to differentiate an antimatter black hole from a matter black hole.

A Black Hole only has mass, charge and spin. No way to tell if it is made of antimatter or regular matter.

 

[Gibsense]

Anti matter = matter x negative time (i.e. time running in the opposite direction; there is no reality to time negative, it is always +ve it is simply relative)

 

[Unclear Engineer]

I don't think we know of enough black hole total mass to make it seem to balance the rest of the mass in the universe. The mass of galactic-center super massive black holes is estimated as <1% of the mass of their galaxy. For smaller black holes that are created by collapse of stars, we do know what went inside, because we could detect what it was before the collapse by looking at the "nebula" of matter it expelled when it collapsed.

There are a lot of speculative hypotheses about antimatter, not just matter going backwards in time, but also a "hole" in false vacuum matter, which would seem to have negative mass, etc. One interesting limit is that it was recently announced that antimatter has positive mass. See https://www.universetoday.com/163439/its-official-antimatter-falls-down-in-gravity-not-up/ . So, negative mass seems to be out of the running for any explanation.

I have not looked into the "backward in time" hypothesis. Does anybody have a link to that, particularly anything that could disprove it?

 

[Gibsense]

There are a lot of speculative hypotheses about antimatter, not just matter going backwards in time, but also a "hole" in false vacuum matter, which would seem to have negative mass, etc. One interesting limit is that it was recently announced that antimatter has positive mass. See https://www.universetoday.com/163439/its-official-antimatter-falls-down-in-gravity-not-up/ . So, negative mass seems to be out of the running for any explanation.

I have not looked into the "backward in time" hypothesis. Does anybody have a link to that, particularly anything that could disprove it?

I asked Copilot (Chat GP) what it thought. Here is the reply:
"
Copilot
The concept of antimatter as matter going backwards in time is a fascinating one, but it’s more of a theoretical idea than a physical reality. The notion comes from the interpretation of certain mathematical expressions in quantum field theory. In this theory, applying a time reversal operator, which is a purely mathematical concept, can reverse the direction of current flow. This is equivalent to reversing the sign of conserved quantities like electric charge, which, in a sense, turns a particle into its antiparticle1.
However, most physicists do not believe that antimatter is actually matter moving backwards in time. It’s not entirely clear what it would mean for something to move backwards in time from a practical standpoint. The idea originated from a thought experiment by physicist Richard Feynman, who suggested that all electrons could be the same electron bouncing back and forth in time. While this idea inspired further calculations, it never developed into a mathematically grounded theory1."
NB that it talks about 'Reversing the direction of current flow"

 

[Gibsense]

I asked Copilot (Chat GP) what it thought. Here is the reply:
"
Copilot
The concept of antimatter as matter going backwards in time is a fascinating one, but it’s more of a theoretical idea than a physical reality. The notion comes from the interpretation of certain mathematical expressions in quantum field theory. In this theory, applying a time reversal operator, which is a purely mathematical concept, can reverse the direction of current flow. This is equivalent to reversing the sign of conserved quantities like electric charge, which, in a sense, turns a particle into its antiparticle1.
However, most physicists do not believe that antimatter is actually matter moving backwards in time. It’s not entirely clear what it would mean for something to move backwards in time from a practical standpoint. The idea originated from a thought experiment by physicist Richard Feynman, who suggested that all electrons could be the same electron bouncing back and forth in time. While this idea inspired further calculations, it never developed into a mathematically grounded theory1."
NB that it talks about 'Reversing the direction of current flow"

Just a thought re negative mass: Using the rubber sheet analogy negative mass would produce a hump rather than a depression in space fabric. That would mean that time in the area of the hump would need to run faster than time local to it. Not by mass travelling as per Special Relativity but by the radius of the universe extending locally (adding distance to the radius- adding age)

 

[Gibsense]

A Black Hole only has mass, charge and spin. No way to tell if it is made of antimatter or regular matter.

I would suggest a black hole made of antimatter is impossible perhaps. Reasoning:

• Antimatter is time-reversed
• If the matter were time-reversed it would be a White Hole bubble universe, not a black hole.

 

[billslugg]

The only difference that has been discovered about antimatter is a slight anomaly in probabilities in a certain pi meson decay. This is sufficient to explain why matter dominates. There is no reason to believe it goes backward in time. If antimatter was able to go backward in time, it would experience a continuous reduction in entropy rather than the observed increase over time that normal matter displays. All antimatter would then tend to move towards hotter areas, those getting hotter and hotter, thus destroying the universe, which we don't observe.

 

[Gibsense]

The only difference that has been discovered about antimatter is a slight anomaly in probabilities in a certain pi meson decay. This is sufficient to explain why matter dominates. There is no reason to believe it goes backward in time. If antimatter was able to go backward in time, it would experience a continuous reduction in entropy rather than the observed increase over time that normal matter displays. All antimatter would then tend to move towards hotter areas, those getting hotter and hotter, thus destroying the universe, which we don't observe.

But the Elephant in the room is that Time is always positive. The idea of time reversal is a change of direction. So, only a relative situation becomes explosive when the directions meet; and the universe survives.

 

[George²]

I asked Copilot (Chat GP) what it thought

But it didn't though. It doesn't thought. It isn't live and isn't intelligent and reasonable.

 

[Gibsense]

But it didn't though. It doesn't thought. It isn't live and isn't intelligent and reasonable.

It depends on your definitions:
Thought - something more than a logical sequence and must have a biological brain - sort of magic. Agreed it does not think
Live - the definition has varied so much over the years it is difficult to say. Might agree
Intelligent - Again too difficult to pin down. Might agree
Reasonable - If the above is agreed then it cannot be said to be reasonable. Agreed.

But it doesn't lie - yet
It advises loads of supporting facts sifted from science papers etc
It provides links to secure informative sites
It can outperform humans in many functions
It acknowledges when it misunderstands
It doesn't (yet) have a counter agenda of its own (I think)
It processes information at lightning speed

And also you would find it very difficult to identify it was not human. Try it, and get frightened!!

 

[Unclear Engineer]

To make "matters" even more confusing, this article states:

"Experiments have observed that mesons are able to oscillate between their matter and antimatter states, which have ever-so-slightly different masses. "

So, anti-matter can become regular matter, and regular matter can become antimatter?!?!?!

Wikipedia says (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson):

"Each type of meson has a corresponding antiparticle (antimeson) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice versa. For example, a positive pion (
π+) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion (π−), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark."

?

And I am still looking for an explanation of how quarks, which are supposedly "fundamental" particles different from electrons (a type of lepton), can end up decaying into electrons and neutrinos.

 

[Questioner]

[Normal] Nucleons are comprised of quarks and antiquarks flipping and flying at near luminal speed.

The vast majority of the mass in the Universe is relative and not resting mass.

The Higgs boson is just there to give resting mass to a very few infinitesimal infinitesimal quarks (or antiquuarks).

(All new to me.)

 

[Questioner]

If potential energy creates/has mass would that be considered resting mass?

 

[billslugg]

The charm meson is a rare example (only 4 known) of a particle that is a superposition of a matter state and an antimatter state. It exists in one of the two states and can make a transition from one to the other. The average time between transitions is far, far greater than its lifetime, thus it is extrememly rare that a transition occurs. It took them a very long time to see enough transitions that they could measure the difference in mass.
I don't understand how the same particle can assume different masses all on its own simply by how the two ingredients are organized. Different amounts of energy in the way the two pieces fit together? But then, why doesn't that energy's mass show up?

 

[Classical Motion]

Matter, antimatter oscillation is easy. But rare. Just flip the particle while it is under acceleration.

The mass is the same, but the handedness of the measurement changed, leading to the off mass measurement.

Particle matter is chiral. And highly directional. It usually tilts and lines up before moving. Sorta like a motion diode. DIODE MOTION. We call this reaction to acceleration inertia. Needing time to change. Delayed response. A resistance or an impedance to change. This type of inertia is called reactance.

Then there is an absorbance inertia. This is where matter converts acceleration into self spin, instead of mass velocity. Like shooting a bullet.....but half of the acceleration goes to spin, instead of velocity

Because of handedness, right handed particles contract and spin fast and have high inertia(mass). Normal left handed particles expand, spin slow and have nullified inertia.

If you accelerate these particles backwards from normal........they switch these properties. And electrons have proton properties and protons have electron properties. They trade spectrums.

But it's only temporary. They are self correcting. Because of handedness.

We flip particles under maximum acceleration all the time now, for over one hundred years. But we don't make anti matter with it. We make radio.

 

[billslugg]

If potential energy creates/has mass would that be considered resting mass?

Yes, potential energy has mass. A charged Lipo battery weighs more than a discharged one simply due to the chemical energy. It's too small for us to measure though.
A typical Lipo might hold 2,000 milliwatt hours. Two amp hours is 7200 amp seconds or 7,200 joules. A kilogram of mass holds 9e16 joules. Thus the battery gains 8e-14 kg or 80 picograms. I doubt any laboratory has a scale that sensitve.