In SS1 they described the thermal protection used on leading edges, the nose etc., as phenolic resin added to the carbon fiber in the area plus a "trowel on" material that had to be reapplied for each flight.
Sounds like something akin to a silica based furnace cement to me, though hopefully SS2's will have better adhesion and mechanical integrity. Doesn't really need much as the temps for their flight profile don't really get that high at 600°C/1112°F.
SpaceX is using the real deal - a custom version of NASA's PICA called
PICA-X.
Here's Wikipedia's article on TPS's used for atmospheric reentry
Link....