There is always talk of Dyson's Sphere, or Niven Ringworld, or O'Neill colony islands' 1, 2, and 3. None are really worth the design papers they are drawn up on.
O'Neill spherical colony Island1 because overall it is far too variable in gravities in its single living area. You couldn't visit many neighbors, or do anything or deal in any weights, without a constant of ever-changing gravity condition. The Torus shape of the living area of the Stanford Torus limits this constant gravity changing hell. As to the rest, all the way up the Dyson's Sphere and Niven's Ringworld, they are too big, too great in exposed outer and inner surface area, and just too concentrated for the survival of the mass life that would be in them in the deadly dangerous overall environment of the Space Frontier. It will be best to go smaller and more dispersed for survival in order to go larger for the prospering of both survival and individualism (thus prosperity in the custom diversity and variety of life facilitation . . . and all otherwise facilitation).
For "colony" minimal living space and environment for comfortable city-state living, or land wildlife and sea life variable habitations, or other inhabiting, the Stanford Torus in one, to millions, more than meets the bill of particulars for sizing and spread dispersion in local and wide area networks for individuality (thus peace), survival, and prospering.
O'Neill spherical colony Island1 because overall it is far too variable in gravities in its single living area. You couldn't visit many neighbors, or do anything or deal in any weights, without a constant of ever-changing gravity condition. The Torus shape of the living area of the Stanford Torus limits this constant gravity changing hell. As to the rest, all the way up the Dyson's Sphere and Niven's Ringworld, they are too big, too great in exposed outer and inner surface area, and just too concentrated for the survival of the mass life that would be in them in the deadly dangerous overall environment of the Space Frontier. It will be best to go smaller and more dispersed for survival in order to go larger for the prospering of both survival and individualism (thus prosperity in the custom diversity and variety of life facilitation . . . and all otherwise facilitation).
For "colony" minimal living space and environment for comfortable city-state living, or land wildlife and sea life variable habitations, or other inhabiting, the Stanford Torus in one, to millions, more than meets the bill of particulars for sizing and spread dispersion in local and wide area networks for individuality (thus peace), survival, and prospering.