Question Infinity or not infinity that is the question.

[Gibsense]

An interesting thought is whether or not “nothing” can exist. No matter, no energy, no space, nor time. If “nothing” could exist, there can be no boundary between “something” and “nothing”, since the boundary (and what it contains) would be something. This suggests it’s all or nothing. Therefore the universe should be infinite. Unless there can be a third state, that is between something and nothing.

Is this just a question of definition? I like the logic but even logic gets a reality shock sometimes. Eg. If our universe is closed it is not infinite. But you might say that the universe defined by you includes what the universe exists in. This opens up the possibility of infinity for your definition. Can nothing (not even empty space) be nothing if it still can have 'up down and sideways'? And presumably to be nothing there would be no time process occurring.
Maybe you might argue that the universe expands and therefore it must have dimensions to expand into. How many?

I suppose a third state might be that it is both - something and nothing - existing in a box until someone opens the lid

 

[Fest3er]

Is this just a question of definition? I like the logic but even logic gets a reality shock sometimes. Eg. If our universe is closed it is not infinite. But you might say that the universe defined by you includes what the universe exists in. This opens up the possibility of infinity for your definition. Can nothing (not even empty space) be nothing if it still can have 'up down and sideways'? And presumably to be nothing there would be no time process occurring.
Maybe you might argue that the universe expands and therefore it must have dimensions to expand into. How many?

I suppose a third state might be that it is both - something and nothing - existing in a box until someone opens the lid

It’s a thought experiment that can hurt your brain!

 

[Harry Costas]

I love the imagination.
Have fun with the universe.
An infinite hole is not possible.

The compaction of matter depends on confinement.
Transient Condensates

Atomic matter can confine Neutron matter
Neutron matter can confine Quark matter
Quark matter can confine Partonic Matter
Partonic matter can confine Axion Matter
Axion matter can confine Photons

All Condensates developed and Dipolar Electromagnetic Fields expel matter from the Core preventing an infinite Hole.

The size of the HOLE can be over 100 billion solar masses.

 

[Harry Costas]

The Deeper we observe the more we find.
Billions of Galaxies.
We have scientists who tell us that the universe is 13.8 Billion years old.

We can see 13.4 Billion years deep field.
That leaves 400 million years to form billions of Galaxies.
That is not possible.

[Submitted on 2 Nov 2024]

A High-Resolution Far-Infrared Survey to Probe Black Hole-Galaxy Co-Evolution​

Matteo Bonato, David Leisawitz, Gianfranco De Zotti, Laura Sommovigo, Irene Shivaei, C. Megan Urry, Duncan Farrah, Locke Spencer, Berke V. Ricketti, Hannah Rana, Susanne Aalto, David B. Sanders, Lee G. Mundy

Far-infrared (FIR) surveys are critical to probing the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies, since of order half the light from accreting black holes and active star formation is emitted in the rest-frame infrared over 0.5≲z≲10. For deep fields with areas of 1 deg2 or less, like the legacy surveys GOODS, COSMOS, and CANDELS, source crowding means that sub-arcsecond resolution is essential. In this paper we show with a simulation of the FIR sky that measurements made with a small telescope (2 m) at low angular resolution yield biased results, and we demonstrate the scientific value of a space mission that would offer sub-arcsecond resolution. We envisage a facility that would provide high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy over the wavelength range 25−400μm, and we present predictions for an extragalactic survey covering 0.5deg2. Such a survey is expected to detect tens of thousands of star-forming galaxies and thousands of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), in multiple FIR lines (e.g. [CII], [OI], [CI]) and continuum. At the longest wavelengths (200-400μm), it would probe beyond the reionization epoch, up to z∼7-8. A combination of spectral resolution, line sensitivity, and broad spectral coverage would allow us to learn about the physical conditions (temperature, density, metallicity) characterizing the interstellar medium of galaxies over the past ∼12 billion years and to investigate galaxy-AGN co-evolution.

 

[Harry Costas]

Deep field image 13.72 billion light years away.
It is 16 light-years across with billions of stars.

View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=vLuxGgij-cQ#bottom-sheet